Aim To identify risk factors for hearing impairment presented in neonates born in Cantonal Hospital Zenica (CHZ) and to estimate their influence on outcome of hearing tests in Newborn Hearing Screening (NHS). Methods Retrospective-prospective study was done at the Department of Gynaecology and Maternity. The NHS was performed with transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) during a six-month period using "Titan" device (Interacoustics, Denmark). The questionnaire was written for the purpose of getting more structured basic information about every newborn and to identify risk factors for hearing impairment. Chi-square test was used to investigate the difference between experimental and control group refer incidence. Results A total of 1217 newborns was screened for hearing impairment of which 259 (21.28%) with one or more known risk factors for hearing impairment. The following risk factors for hearing impairment were identified during the study period: family history of permanent childhood hearing impairment in 42 (3.45%) newborns, prematurity in 39 (3.21%), low APGAR scores in 29 (2.40%), asphyxia in 31 (2.55%), hyperbilirubinemia in 41 (3.37%), admission of ototoxic medication (aminoglycosides) after birth in 155 (12.74%). Conclusion There were many serious risk factors for hearing loss identified in this study. Identification of risk factors for hearing impairment in neonates is necessary because a follow up of the children with risk factors is very important.
Epstein S, Reilly J. Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Pedaitr Clin North Am. 1989. p. 1501–19.
2.
Grandori F, Lutman M, The. European Consensus Development Conference on Neonatal Hearing Screening. Am J Audiol. p. 19–20.
3.
Maqbool M, Najar B, Gattoo I, Chowdhary J. Screening for hearing impairment in high risk neonates: a hospital based study. JCDR. 2015. p. 18.
4.
Summary of 2014 national EHDI data. 1AD.
5.
Position Statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. Joint Committee on Infant Hearing; 2007. p. 898–921.
6.
Harrison M, Roush J. Age of suspicion, identification, and intervention for infants and young children with hearing loss: a national study. Ear Hear. 1996. p. 55–62.
7.
Harrison M, Roush J, Wallace J. Trends in age of identification and intervention in infants with hearing loss. Ear Hear. 2003. p. 89–95.
8.
Davis J, Elfenbein J, Schum R, Bentler R. Effects of mild and moderate hearing impairments on language, educational, and psychosocial behavior of children. J Speech Hear Disord. 1986. p. 53–62.
9.
Vohr B, Maxon A. Screening of Infants for Hearing impairment. J Paediatr. 1996. p. 710–4.
10.
Kountakis S, Skoulas I, Phillips D, Chang C. Risk factors for hearing loss in neonates: a prospective study. Am J Otolaryng. 2002. p. 133–7.
11.
Sloan-Heggen C, Bierer A, Shearer A, Kolbe D, Nishimura C, Frees K, et al. Comprehensive genetic testing in the clinical evaluation of 1119 patients with hearing loss. Hum Genet. 2016. p. 441–50.
12.
Erenberg A, Lemons J, Sia C, Trunkel D, Ziring P. Newborn and infant hearing loss: detection and intervention. Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics; 1999. p. 527–30.
13.
Jiang Z, Zhou Y, Ping L, Wilkinson A. Brainstem auditory response findings in late preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr. 2011. p. 51–4.
14.
Yoshikawa S, Ikeda K, Kudo T, Kobayashi T. The effects of hypoxia, premature birth, infection, ototoxic drugs, circulatory system and congenital disease on neonatal hearing loss. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2004. p. 361–8.
15.
Hearing facts on newborn hearing loss and screening. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; 2AD.
16.
White K, Vohr B, Behrens T. Universal newborn hearing screening using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: results of the Rhode Island Hearing Assessment Project. Semin Hear. 1993. p. 18–29.
17.
John M, Balraj A, Kurien M. Neonatal screening for hearing loss: pilot study from a tertiary care centre. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009. p. 23–6.
18.
Regina M, Moideen S, Mohan M, Mohammed M, Afroze K. Audiological screening of high risk infants and prevalence of risk factors. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017. p. 507–11.
19.
Gouri Z, Sharma D, Berwal P, Pandita A, Pawar S. Hearing impairment and its risk factors by newborn screening in north-western India. Matern Health. Neonatol Perinatol. 2015. p. 1–7.
20.
Driscoll C, Beswick R, Doherty E, Silva R, Cross A. The validity of family history as a risk factor in pediatric hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015. p. 654–9.
21.
Sun J, Li J, Huang P, Bu J, Xu Z, Li J, et al. Early detection of hearing impairment in highrisk infants of NICU. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2003. p. 357–9.
22.
Beswick R, Driscoll C, Kei J. Monitoring for postnatal hearing loss using risk factors: a systematic literature review. Ear Hearing. 2012. p. 745–56.
23.
Vohr B, Widen J, Cone-Wesson B, Sininger Y, Gorga M, Folsom R, et al. Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: characteristics of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and wellbaby nursery. Ear Hear. 2000. p. 373–82.
24.
Borg E. Perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, ischemia and hearing loss: an overview. Scand Audiol. 1997. p. 77–91.
25.
Hille E, Van Straaten H, Verkerk P. Dutch NICU Neonatal Hearing Screening Working Group. Prevalence and independent risk factors for hearing loss in NICU infants. Acta Paediatr. 2007. p. 1155–8.
26.
Wickremasinghe A, Risley R, Kuzniewicz M, Wu Y, Walsh E, Wi S, et al. Risk of sensorineural hearing loss and bilirubin exchange transfusion thresholds. Pediatrics. 2015. p. 505–12.
27.
Zamani A, Daneshju K, Ameni A, Takand J. Estimating the incidence of neonatal hearing loss in high risk neonates. Acta Medica Iranica. 2004. p. 176–80.
28.
Meyer C, Witte J, Hildmann A, Hennake K, Schunck K, Maul K, et al. Neonatal Screening for hearing disorders in infants at risk: incidence, risk factors & follow-up. Paediatrics. 1999. p. 900–4.
29.
Ohl C, Dornier L, Czajka C, Chobaut J, Tavernier L. Newborn hearing screening on infants at risk. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009. p. 1691–5.
30.
Tagra S, Talwar A, Walia R, Sidhu P. Waardenburg syndrome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2006. p. 326.
31.
Van Dyk M, Wet S, Hall J. Outcomes with OAE and AABR screening in the first 48h-Implications for newborn hearing screening in developing countries. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015. p. 1034–40.
32.
Olusanya B, Bamigboye B. Is discordance in TEOAE and AABR outcomes predictable in newborns. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010. p. 1303–9.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
