An ethanol extract of Senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L) inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumour necrosis factor alpha in HeLa cells
Aim Senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L) is native to Indomalaya and is believed to possess anticancer activity. This study investigated antiangiogenic and anti-inflammation effects of an ethanolic extract of Senduduk fruit (EESF) on HeLa cells. Methods Cytotoxicity was assayed in HeLa cell cultures exposed to a concentration series of 500-7.8 µg/mL of EESF. IC 50 was determined with a methylthiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability assay. Antiangiogenic and anti-inflammation activity was evaluated by an immunocytochemical assay of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in HeLa cells cultured with 1× or 2× IC 50 or as a control without EESF. Results IC 50 of the EESF was 956 µg/mL. The intensity of VEGF staining indicated moderate expression in HeLa cells in response to IC 50 , weak expression in response to 2×IC 50 , and strong expression in the absence of the EESF. While the intensity of TNF-α staining indicated moderate expression in HeLa cells in response to IC 50 and to the absence of EESF, and weak expression in response to 2× IC 50. Conclusion Senduduk fruit extract inhibited VEGF and TNF-α expression in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Omran A. The epidemiologic transition . A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 1971;509–38.
3.
Gersten O, Wilmoth J. The cancer transition in Japan since 1951. Demogr Res. 2002;271–306.
4.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel R, Torre L, Jemal A. Global Cancer Statistic: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;394–424.
5.
Torre L, Bray F, Siegel R, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tiulent, Jemal A. Global cancer statistic, 2012. CA Cancer. J Clin. 2015;65–87.
6.
Marnitz S, Kohler C. Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology. 2012;(2):361–71.
7.
Carter J, Philp S, O’connell R. A 5-year review of gynecological oncology patients managed by fast tract surgery program. Int J Clin Med. 2014;36–41.
8.
Xu H, Zhou Z, Dong J, Lei M. Suppression of cervical cancer cell survival by ursulic acid extracted from Catalpa bungei leaves. Pharmacogn Mag. 2018;425–31.
9.
Wang R, Li Q, Li Z, Zheng P, Zhang H, Huang X, et al. Apoptosis drives cancer cells proliferate and metastasize. J Cell Mol Med. 2013;2015–26.
10.
Hanahan D, Weinberg R. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;646–74.
11.
Zhong H, Bowen J. Antiangiogenesis drug design: multiple pathways targeting tumor vasculature. Curr Med Chem. 2006;849–62.
12.
Kukreja I, Kapoor P, Deshmukh R, Kulkarni V, Vegf, Cd. A correlation between tumor angiogenesis and microvessel density -an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;367–73.
13.
Mantovani A. Tumor-associated macrophage in cancer-related inflammation. Immunotherapy. 2011;21–2.
14.
Balkwill F. TNF-α in promotion and progression of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2006;409–16.
15.
Fimognari C, Lenzi M, Hrelia P. Chemoprevention of cancer by isothiocyanates and anthocyanins: mechanisms of action and structure activity relationship. Curr Med Chem. 2008;440–7.
16.
Moga M, Dimienescu O, Arvatescu C, Mironescu A, Dracea L, Ples L. The role of natural polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer -an overview. Molecules. 2016;1–32.
17.
Batra P, Sharma A. Anti-cancer potential of flavonoids: recent trends and future perspectives. 3 Biotech. 2013;439–59.
18.
Karikas G. Chemoprevention molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in cancer control and management. Health Sci J. 2011;149–56.
19.
Hui C, Bin Y, Xiaoping Y, Long Y, Chunye C, Mantian M. Anticancer activities of an anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Cancer. 2010;1128–36.
20.
Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014;122–46.
21.
Roslen N, Alewi N, Ah Reamada H, Rasad M. Cytotoxicity screening of Melastoma malabathricum extracts on human breast cancer cell line in vitro. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;545–8.
22.
Aslam M, Ahmad M, Ahmad M. An up-to-date review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Melastoma malabathricum. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2017;76–91.
23.
Anuar N, Adnan A, Saat N, Taha R. Optimazitation of extraction by using response surface methodology, purification and identification of anthocyanin pigments in Melastoma malabathricum fruit. Sci World J. 2013;1–10.
24.
Nath D, Choudhury M, Muzamber P, Mitra. Phytochemical profilling of Melastoma malabathricum linnaeus (Melastomaceae): an ethnomedicinally important plan of eastern Himalaya. Pleione. 2014;478–85.
25.
Serna D, Martinez J. Phenolic and polyphenolic from Melastoma malabathricum species. :17818–47.
26.
Alnajar Z, Abdullah M, Ali H, Alshawsh M, Hadi A. Acute toxicity evaluation, antibacterial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Melastoma malabathricum. Molecules. 2012;3547–59.
27.
Khoo H, Azlan A, Tang S, Lim S. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigment as food pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res. 2017;1–21.
28.
Amatori S, Mazzoni L, Alvarez-Suarez J, Giamperri F, Gasparrini M, Hernandez F, et al. Polyphenol-rich strawberry extract (PRSE) shows in vitro and in vivo biological activity against invasive breast cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016;1–14.
29.
Samad N, Nik N, Kamal M, Yahya N, Aziz M, Zain N, et al. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Melastoma sp. Mal J Med Health Sci. 2018;153–63.
30.
Mirossay L, Varinska L, Mojzis J. Aantiangiogenic effect of flavonoids and 31. Zetter BR. Angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Annu Rev Med. 1998;407–24.
31.
Chung S, Okobi Q, Adekoya D, Atefi M, Clarke O, Dutta P, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α increased telomerase activity through NF-κB/STAT1/STAT3 activation and witheferin a inhibited the signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Mediat Inflamm. 2017;2017–5958429.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
