Aim Acute rhinosinusitis (AR) is of viral aetiology and only 0.5-2% develop into acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Herbal therapy is a promising alternative in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Poguntano leaves (EEPL) to procalcitonin level and the amount of bacteria in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis mice model. Methods Experimental research with posttest only control group design in 32 Wistar mice that were divided into 4 groups, 3 of which were being inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus by inserting a sponge to right nasal cavity of the mice (group K2, K3, and K4); another one was the negative control group (K1). Group K2 was not given any kind of therapy (positive control), group K3 was given 10 mg/kd EEPL for 5 days orally during an induction, and group K4 was given 10 mg/kd EEPL for 5 days orally on the 10th day after induction. Mice in the groups K2 and K3 were sacrificed on the 10th day after induction, while mice in group K4 were sacrificed on the 15th day after induction. Result A statistically significant decrease in procalcitonin level (p<0.001) and amount of bacterial colony (p<0.001) was found in four groups. Conclusion Poguntano leaves extract can lower procalcitonin and amount of bacteria colony, showing an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect.
Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Rautakorpi U, Borisenko O, Liira H, Jr W, Mäkelä J, et al. Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014.
2.
Sharp A, Klau M, Keschner D, Tang M, Shen T, Munoz-Plaza E, et al. Low-value care for acute sinusitis encounters : Who’s choosing wisely? Am J Manag Care. 2015. p. 479–85.
3.
Fokkens W, Hoffmans R, Thomas M. Avoid prescribing antibiotics in acute rhinosinusitis. BMJ. 2014. p. 5703.
4.
Jund R, Mondigler M, Stammer H, Stierna P, Bachert C. Herbal drug BNO 1016 is safe and effective in the treatment of acute viral rhinosinusitis. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2015. p. 50.
5.
Bachert C, Schapowal A, Funk P, Kieser M. Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from Pelargonium Sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rhinology. 2009. p. 51–8.
6.
Schalek P, Hornackova Z, Hahn A. The relationship of C-reactive protein levels and positive culture with quality of life in acute rhinosinusitis. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2015. p. 185–9.
7.
Young J, Sutter D, Merenstein A, Van Essen D, Kaiser G, Varonen L, et al. Antibiotics for adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis : a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2008. p. 908–14.
8.
Gulliford M, Dregan A, Moore M, Ashworth M, Van Staa T, Mccann G, et al. Continued high rates of antibiotic prescribing to adults with respiratory tract infection: survey of 568 UK general practices. BMJ Open. 2014. p. 6245.
9.
Lemiengre M, Driel V, Merenstein M, Young D, J, Sutter D, et al. Antibiotics for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012.
10.
Autio T, Koskenkorva T, Leino T, Koivunen P, Alho O. Longitudinal analysis of inflammatory biomarkers during acute rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2017. p. 55–61.
11.
Schuetz P, Briel M, Mueller B. Clinical outcomes associated with procalcitonin algorithms to guide antibiotic therapy in respiratory tract infections. JAMA. 2013. p. 717–8.
12.
Kofteridis D, Samonis G, Karatzanis A, Fragiadakis G, Bourolias C, Maraki S, et al. C-reactive protein and serum procalcitonin levels as markers of bacterial upper respiratory tract infections. Am J Infect Dis. 2009. p. 282–7.
13.
Further studies of the phase 1 clinical trials in humans can be conducted to determine whether it may be represent novel therapy for acute rhinosinusitis in humans. FUNDING No specific funding was received for this study.
14.
Chauhan P, Sood A, Jain M, Dabla P, Sood S. Serum PCT and CRP levels in upper respiratory tract infections as a marker of infection. AIJCR. 2013. p. 1–4.
15.
Koch A, Klose P, Lauche R, Cramer H, Baasch J, Dobos G, et al. A systematic review of phytotherapy for acute rhinosinusitis. Forsch Komplementmed. 2016. p. 165–9.
16.
Passali D, Cambi J, Passali F, Bellussi L. Phytoneering : a new way of therapy for rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015. p. 1–8.
17.
Harfina F, Bahri S, Saragih A. Effect of Poguntano leaves powder (Picria fel-terrae Merr) in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012. p. 112–8.
18.
Sibagariang H. Effect of Poguntano (Picria felterrae (Lour.) Merr.) leaves extract on levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2017.
19.
Lee S, Kim Y, Kwon S, Lee Y, Choi S, Park J, et al. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on TNFα-induced IL-8 gene expression in HEK 293 cells. BMB Rep. 2008. p. 265–70.
20.
Checker R, Sandur S, Sharma D, Patwardhan R, Jayakumar S, Kohli V, et al. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, is mediated through suppression of NF-κB, AP-1 and NF-AT. PLoS One. 2012. p. 31318.
21.
Chandrasenan P, Neethu M, Anjumol V, Anandan V, Selvaraj R. Triterpenoid fraction isolated from Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. amelorates collagen induced arthritis in Wistar rats. J App Pharm Sci. 2016. p. 70–5.
22.
Ihwah A, Deoranto P, Wijana S, Dewi I. Comparative study between Federer and Gomez method for number of replication in complete randomized design using simulation: study of Areca Palm (Areca catechu) as organic waste for producing handicraft paper. IOP Science. 2018. p. 1–6.
23.
Cingi C, Eskiizmir G, Burukoglu D, Erdogmus N, Ural A, Unlu H. The histopathological effect of Thymoquinone on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis in rats. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011. p. 268–72.
24.
Campos D, Dolci C, Ell, Silva D, Dolci L, Jel, et al. Osteitis and mucosal inflammation in a rabbit model of sinusitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015. p. 312–20.
25.
Yoruk O, Tatar A, Keles O, Cakir A. The value of Nigella sativa in the treatment of experimentally induced rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017. p. 32–7.
26.
Cheng Y, Wei H, Li Z, Xue F, Jiang M, Wang C, et al. Effects of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of experimental acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in rabbits. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2009. p. 57–65.
27.
Ozcan K, Ozcan I, Selcuk A, Akdogan O, Gurgen S, Deren T, et al. Comparison of histopathological and CT findings in experimental rabbit sinusitis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011. p. 56–9.
28.
Dolci E, Campos D, Cac, Silva D, Dolci L, Dolci R, et al. Evaluation of the ability of an experimental model to induce bacterial rhinosinusitis in rabbits. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014. p. 480–9.
29.
Gilbert D. Procalcitonin as a biomarker in respiratory tract infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2011. p. 346–50.
30.
Auliafendri N, Rosidah, Yuandani, Suryan S, Satria D. The immunomodulatory activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour herbs towards RAW 264.7 cells. OA-MJMS. 2019. p. 24–6.
31.
Park M, Cho H, Jung H, Lee H, Hwang K. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of tannin fraction of the extract from black raspberry seeds compared to grape seeds. J Food Biochem. 2013. p. 259–70.
32.
Yassine E, Dalila B, Latifa E, Smahan B, Lebtar S, Sanae A, et al. Phytochemical screening, anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of hydro-ethanolic, flavonoid, tannin and mucilage extracts of Lavandula stoechas L. from Morocco. IJPPR. 2016. p. 31–7.
33.
Satria D, Silalahi J, Haro G, Ilyas S, Hasibuan P. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of an ethylacetate fraction of Picria fel-terrae Lour. Herbs. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017. p. 399–403.
34.
Christ-Crain M, Schuetz P, Huber A, Muller B. Procalcitonin: importance for the diagnosis of bacterial infections. J Lab Med. 2008. p. 1–8.
35.
Oksuz L, Somer A, Salman N, Erk O, Gurler N. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in differentiating to contamination from bacteremia. Braz J Microbiol. 2014. p. 1415–21.
36.
Mustika N. Making nanoparticles from ethanol extracts of leaves of Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) and anti-bacterial activity test on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2018.
37.
Cowan M. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999. p. 564–82.
38.
Stefanovic O, Radojevic I, Vasic S, Comic L. Antibacterial activity of naturally occurring compounds from selected plants. Antimicrobial Agents. Chapter 1. Croatia: Intech Open. 2012.
39.
Sung S, Kim K, Jeon B, Cheong S, Park J, Kim D, et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of tannins extracted from agricultural by-products. J Med Plant Res. 2012. p. 3072–9.
40.
Madduluri S, Rao K, Sitaram B. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of five indigenous plants extract against five bacterial pathogens of human. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013. p. 679–84.
41.
Leon L, Lopez M, Moujir L. Antibacterial properties of zeylasterone, a triterpenoid isolated from Maytenus blepharodes, against Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Res. 2010. p. 617–26.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
