Aim To investigate the association of parameters of lipid profile and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) in non-dialysis kidney patients. Methods The observational, case-control study enrolled patients (n=117) recruited from the Nephrological Counselling Centre of the University Clinical Centre Sarajevo and divided into two groups: group 1 eGFR (15-59 mL/min/1.73 m 2), and group 2 (control) eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2. Concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins was measured, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP; log(TG/HDLc)) was calculated. Results High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) concentrations in serum were reduced [(1.02 (0.94-1.29) vs 1.15 (1.1-1.4) mmol/L; p=0.009 and 0.035 (0.026-0.04) vs 0.041 (0.034-0.05) g/L; p=0.002, respectively)], while AIP was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (0.19±0.03 vs 0.09±0.04; p=0.013). Values less than 1.09 mmol/L and 0.038 g/L for HDLc and APOE, or higher than 0.165 for AIP (p<0.05) were associated with the eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2. The age [OR = 1.1; 95% CI (1.05-1.17)] and AIP [OR = 8.7; 95% CI (1.18-65.0)] were independent positive predictors, while APOE was a negative predictor of eGFR reduction rate (OR=0.01; 95% CI (0.001-0.033; p<0.001). Conclusion Changes in parameters such as HDLc, APOE and AIP are associated with CKD. The study results imply the need of the AIP calculation as routine laboratory work due to its role along with the age and APOE in the prediction of renal function decline.
Dobiásová M. AIP-atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice. Vnitr Lek 2006:64–71.
2
Adejumo O, Okaka E, Ojogwu L. Lipid profile in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in southern Nigeria. Ghana Med J 2016:44–9.
3
Lee M, Park J, Han S, Kim Y, Kim Y, Yang C, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma andthe risk of mortality in incident dialysis patients: results from a nationwide prospective cohort in Korea. PLoS One 2017:177499.
4
Onat A, Can G, Kaya H, Hergenc G. Atherogenic index of plasma (log10 triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events. J Clin Lipidol 2010:89–98.
5
Hermans M, Ahn S, Rousseau M. The atherogenic dyslipidemia ratio [log(TG)/HDL-C] is associated with residual vascular risk, beta-cell function loss and microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes females. Lipids Health Dis 2012:132.
6
Hermans M, Ahn S, Rousseau M. log(TG)/ HDL-C is related to both residual cardiometabolic risk and beta-cell function loss in type 2 diabetes males. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010:88.
7
Qi Q, Qi L. Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Clin Lipidol 2012:397–407.
8
Kronenberg F. Human genetics and the causal role of lipoprotein(a) for various diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs and Ther 2016:87–100.
9
Lin J, Terembula K, K, Wilson R, F. Relation of atherogenic lipoproteins with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline: a longitudinal study. BMC Nephrology 2015:130.
10
Chen S, Hung C, Kuo M, Lee J, Chiu Y, Chang J, et al. Association of dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. PLoSOne 2013:55643.
11
Balode A, Khan Z. Serum lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis. IJAR 2013:20–2.
12
Bowe B, Xie Y, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Al-Aly Z. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase the risk of incident kidney disease and its progression. Kidney Int 2016:886–96.
13
Baragetti A, Norata G, Sarcina C, Rastelli F, Grigore L, Garlaschellik, et al. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are an independent predictor of the progression of chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2013:252–62.
14
Malarkodi V, Malathi M. Dyslipidemia correlating with reduced glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy individuals. IJCBR 2017:198–200.
15
Corsetti J, Gansevoort R, Bakker S, Navis G, Sparks C, Dullaart R. Apolipoprotein E predicts incident cardiovascular disease risk in women but not in men with concurrently high levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Metabolism 2012:996–1002.
16
Rahman M, Yang W, Akkina S, Alper A, Anderson A, Appel L, et al. Relation of serum lipids and lipoproteins with progression of CKD: The CRIC study. Clin J Am SocNephrol 2014:1190–8.
17
Parmar J, Joshi A, Chakrabarti M. Dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease. ISRJ 2014:396–7.
18
Friedewald W, Levy R, Fredrickson D. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972:499–502.
19
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDI-GO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2013:1–150.
20
Levey A, Inker L, Coresh J. GFR estimation: from physiology to public health. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;(5):820–34.
21
Lovre D, Shah S, Sihota A, Fonseca V. Managing diabetes and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018:237–57.
22
Khatiwada S, Rajendra K, Gautam S, Lamsal M, Baral N. Thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2015:65.
23
Xue L, Lou Y, Feng X, Wang C, Ran Z, Zhang X. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among the Chinese populations in Taian. BMC Nephrol 2014:205.
24
Miyatakea N, Shikatab K, Makinob H, Numata T. Relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and metabolic syndrome in japanese. Acta Med Okayama 2010:203–8.
25
Tsimihodimos V, Mitrogianni Z, Elisaf M. Dyslipidemia associated with chronic kidney disease. The Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011:41–8.
26
Dobiášová M, Frohlich J, Šedová M, Cheung M, Brown B. Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography. J Lipid Res 2011:566–71.
27
Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J, Pallardo L, et al. Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009:757–65.
28
Kaneva A, Potolitsyna N, Bojko E, Odland J. The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio as a potential marker of plasma atherogenicity. Dis Markers 2015:591454.
29
Chang J, Paulson C, Smith R. Apolipoproteins for cardiovascular risk assessment. Am Fam Physician 2014;(8).
30
Walldius G, Jungner I. Apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I: risk indicators of coronary heart disease and targets for lipid-modifying therapy. J Intern Med 2004:188–205.
31
Mikolasevic I, Žutelija M, Mavrinac V, Orlic L. Dyslipidemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: etiology and management. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2017:35–45.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
