Aim Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common neoplasms, especially in Western countries and those with westernisation. On the other hand, high rate of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) has also been noticed, as well as in Western countries. It seems like these two conditions are somehow connected. In this study, we wish to explore some characteristics of colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with MetSy. Methods In this retrospective study the data were taken from medical records of 67 patients with colorectal carcinoma, and for 30 healthy controls. Input parameters of patients were compared mutually, as well as with parameters of healthy, control examinees that had negative screening colonoscopy for neoplasm. Results Average age of patients was 68 years. The most frequent localisation of neoplasm was on rectum (53.7%) and most frequent level was Dukes C (38.8%). The patients had MetSy more frequently when compared with controls (p=0.048), and also they had more MetSy components (p=0.006). The link between MetSy and localisation of neoplasm was not found, neither with its pathohystological characteristics. Conclusion Patients with MetSy should be warned about the increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, and, in this way, motivated for earlier and more frequent screening colonoscopies, as well as of a change of unhealthy lifestyle.
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015. p. 359–86.
2.
Arnold M, Sierra M, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut. 2017. p. 683–91.
3.
Center M, Jemal A, Smith R, Ward E. Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer. A Cancer J Clin. 2009. p. 366–78.
4.
Manning A, Dyson N. RB: mitotic implications of a tumour suppressor. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012. p. 220–6.
5.
Simon K. Colorectal cancer development and advances in screening. Clin Interv Aging. 2016. p. 967–76.
6.
Mármol I, Sánchez-De-Diego C, Dieste P, Cerrada A, E, Yoldi R, et al. Colorectal carcinoma: a general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017. p. 197.
7.
Tomasello G, Tralongo P, Damiani P, Sinagra E, Trapani D, Zeenny B, et al. Dismicrobism in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: changes in response of colocytes. World J Gastroenterol. 2014. p. 18121–30.
8.
Smith R, Andrews K, Brooks D, Fedewa S, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017. p. 100–21.
9.
Cornier M, Dabelea D, Hernandez T, Lindstrom R, Steig A, Stob N, et al. The medabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008. p. 777–822.
10.
Grundy S, Brewer H, Jr, Cleeman J, Smith S, Jr, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004. p. 433–8.
11.
Eckel R, Alberti K, Grundy S, Zimmet P. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2010. p. 181–3.
12.
Ford E. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2005. p. 2745–9.
13.
Hanefeld M, Köhler C. The metabolic syndrome and its epidemiologic dimensions in historical perspective. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2002. p. 183–8.
14.
Due to this fact, it would be good for individuals with MetSy to be sent to screening colonoscopies more frequently and most certainly before 50 years of age. It is also instructive to inform the patients with MetSy about an increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma, and to try motiva-ting patients to start a healthier lifestyle, physical exercise and appropriate food intake. FUNDING No specific funding was received for this study.
15.
Huang P. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech. 2009. p. 231–7.
16.
Siegel R, Miller K, Fedewa S, Ahnen D, Meester R, Barzi A, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017. p. 177–93.
17.
Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh J, Comber H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer. 2013. p. 1374–403.
18.
Brenner H, Kloor M, Pox C. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2014. p. 1490–502.
19.
Cummings A, Grimmett C, Calman L, Patel M, Permyakova N, Winter J, et al. Members of CREW Study Advisory Committee, Foster C. Comorbidities are associated with poorer quality of life and functioning and worse symptoms in the 5 years following colorectal cancer surgery: results from the Colo-REctal Well-being (CREW) cohort study. Psychooncology. 2018. p. 2427–35.
20.
Arana-Arri E, Idigoras I, Uranga B, Pérez R, Irurzun A, Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea I, et al. Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test: should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex? BMC Cancer. 2017. p. 577.
21.
Issa I, Noureddine M. Colorectal cancer screening: An updated review of the available options. World J Gastroenterol. 2017. p. 5086–96.
22.
Kumar S, Burney I, Zahid K, Souza P, Belushi M, Mufti T, et al. Colorectal cancer patient characteristics, treatment and survival in Oman--a single center study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015. p. 4853–8.
23.
Zeng H, Lazarova D. Obesity-related colon cancer: Dietary factors and their mechanisms of anticancer action. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012. p. 161–6.
24.
Bardou M, Barkun A, Martel M. Obesity and colorectal cancer. Gut. 2013. p. 933–47.
25.
Lu Y, Ness-Jensen E, Martling A, Hveem K. Anthropometry-based obesity phenotypes and risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma: a large prospective cohort study in Norway. Epidemiology. 2016. p. 423–32.
26.
Vega G. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Minerva Endocrinol. 2004. p. 47–54.
27.
Ibáñez-Sanz G, Villanueva D, Riera-Ponsati A, M, Villa F, T, et al. Mendelian randomization analysis rules out disylipidaemia as colorectal cancer cause. Sci Rep. 2019. p. 13407.
28.
Tian Y, Wang K, Li J, Wang J, Wang Z, Fan Y, et al. The association between serum lipids and colorectal neoplasm: a systemic review and metaanalysis. Public Health Nutr. 2015. p. 3355–70.
29.
Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, Bellastella G, Maiorino M, Rafaniello C, et al. Colorectal cancer association with metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2013. p. 634–47.
30.
Jinjuvadia R, Lohia P, Jinjuvadia C, Montoya S, Liangpunsakul S. The association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal neoplasm: systemic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013. p. 33–44.
31.
Trabulo D, Ribeiro S, Martins C, Teixeira C, Cardoso C, Mangualde J, et al. Metabolic syndrome and colorectal neoplasms: An ominous association. World J Gastroenterol. 2015. p. 5320–7.
32.
Healy L, Howard J, Ryan A, Beddy P, Mehigan B, Stephens R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and leptin are associated with adverse pathological features in male colorectal cancer patients. Colorectal Dis. 2012. p. 157–65.
33.
Ahmadi A, Mobasheri M, Hashemi-Nazari S, Baradaran A, Choobini Z. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with colorectal cancer and their median survival time: A cohort study. J Res Med Sci. 2014. p. 850–4.
34.
Othman N, Zin A. Association of colorectal carcinoma with metabolic diseases; experience with 138 cases from Kelantan. Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2008. p. 747–51.
35.
Abbastabar H, Roustazadeh A, Alizadeh A, Hamidifard P, Valipour M, Valipour A. Relationships of colorectal cancer with dietary factors and public health indicators: an ecological study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015. p. 3991–5.
36.
Jones-Mclean E, Hu J, Greene-Finestone L, De Groh M. A DASH dietary pattern and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian adults. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2015. p. 12–20.
37.
Lin C, Huang K, Luo J, Wang Y, Hou M, Lin H, et al. Hypertension is an important predictor of recurrent colorectal adenoma after screening colonoscopy with adenoma polypectomy. J Chin Med Assoc. 2014. p. 508–12.
38.
Yu H, Luo Y, Peng H, Wang X, Yang Z, Huang M, et al. Association of perioperative blood pressure with long-term survival in rectal cancer patients. Chin J Cancer. 2016. p. 8.
39.
Szablewski L. Diabetes mellitus: influences on cancer risk. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014. p. 543–53.
40.
Shin C, Han K, Lee D, Choi Y, Kim N, Park Y, et al. Association among obesity, metabolic health, and the risk for colorectal cancer in the general population in Korea using the national health insurance service-national sample cohort. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017. p. 1192–200.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.