Aim To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) at different doses on isolated tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats induced by different mechanisms. Methods Twelve rats’ tracheas were placed into organ bath. Consecutively, acetylcholine (10−6,10−5,10−4 M), histamine (10−8,10−5,10−3 M) and KCl (30,60 mM) solutions was administered for contractions. MgSO4 from 10−4 to 10−1 M concentrations were subsequently administered after each constrictive agent and relaxation degrees were recorded. Results In the acetylcholine and KCl groups, dose dependent strong contractions were observed, but not in the histamine group and that group was excluded. Significant relaxation occurred with gradually increasing doses of MgSO4. In the high dose KCl group, a slight increase in contractions after the administration of 10−4 and 10−3 M MgSO4 was recorded. Conclusion We suggest that MgSO4 is effective in relaxing airway smooth muscle contractions caused by different factors; however, it must be considered that low doses of MgSO4 may only lead to a slight increase in contractions.
Gurkan F, Haspolat K, Bosnak M, Dikici B, Derman O, Ece A. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in the management of moderate to severe acute asthmatic children nonresponding to conventional therapy. Eur J Emerg Med 1999:201–5.
2
Baxter M, Coates D, Wilson A. Airways resistance in bronchial challenge testing. J Asthma 2014:1–6.
3
Short P, Williamson P, Lipworth B. Effects of hydrocortisone on acute β-adrenoceptor blocker and histamine induced bronchoconstriction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012:717–26.
4
De Peuter S, Lemaigre V, Van Diest I, Verleden G, Demedts M, Van Den Bergh O. Differentiation between the sensory and affective aspects of histamineinduced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Respir Med 2007:925–32.
5
Hirota K, Sato T, Hashimoto Y, Yoshioka H, Ohtomo N, Ishihara H, et al. Relaxant effect of magnesium and zinc on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Crit Care Med 1999:1159–63.
6
Mitchell H. Electromechanical effects of tetraethylammonium and K+ on histamine-induced contraction in pig isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Lung 1987:129–42.
7
Seehase S, Schlepütz M, Switalla S, Mätz-Rensing K, Kaup F, Zöller M, et al. Bronchoconstriction in nonhuman primates: a species comparison. J Appl Physiol 2011:791–8.
8
Ressmeyer A, Larsson A, Vollmer E, Dahlèn S, Uhlig S, Martin C. Characterisation of guinea pig precision-cut lung slices: comparison with human tissues. Eur Respir J 2006:603–11.
9
Skobeloff E, Spivey W, Mcnamara R. Greenspon L. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department. JAMA 1989:1210–3.
10
Tiffany B, Todd B, White I, S. Magnesium bolus or infusion fails to improve expiratory flow in acute asthma exacerbations. Chest 1993:831–4.
11
Hill J, Britton J. Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on airway calibre and airway reactivity to histamine in asthmatic subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996:629–31.
12
Van De Voorde J, Joos G. Regionally different influence of contractile agonists on isolated rat airway segments. Respir Physiol 1998:185–94.
13
Ciarollo L, Brousseau D, Reinert S. Higher dose intravenous magnesium therapy for children with moderate to severe acute asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000:971–3.
14
Scarfone R, Loiselle J, Joffe M, Mull C, Stiller S, Thompson K, et al. A randomised trial of magnesium in the emergency department treatment of children with asthma. Ann Emerg Med 2000:572–8.
15
Kuitert L, Kletchko S. Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute, life-threatening asthma. Ann Emerg Med 1991:1243–5.
16
Sydow M, Crozier T, Zielmann S, Radke J. Burchardi H. High-dose intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of life-threatening status asthmaticus. Intensive Care Med 1993:467–71.
17
Schiermeyer R, Finkelstein J. Rapid infusion of magnesium sulfate obviates need for intubation in status asthmaticus. Am J Emerg Med 1994:164–6.
18
Bradshaw T, Matusiewicz S, Crompton G, Innes J, Greening A. Intravenous magnesium sulphate provides no additive benefit to standard management in acute asthma. Respir Med 2008:143–9.
19
Villeneuve E, Zed P. Nebulized magnesium sulfate in the management of acute exacerbations of asthma. Ann Pharmacother 2006:1118–24.
20
Keskin O, Tor M, Altın R, Atalay F, Örnek T. The Importance of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Concentration in Asthmatic Patients and Factors that Impact its Measurement. J Chest Dis Crit Care Med 2014:11–6.
21
Barnes P, Liew F. Nitric oxide and asthmatic inflammation. Immunol Today 1995:128–30.
22
Kew K, Kirtchuk L, Michell C. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:5.
23
Fawcett W, Haxby E, Male D. Magnesium physiology and pharmacology. Br J Anaesth 1999:302–20.
24
Iannello S, Belfiore F, Hypomagnesemia. A review of pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects. Panminerva Med 2001:177–209.
25
Swaminathan R. Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. Clin Biochem Rev 2003:47–66.
26
Sun Y, Gong C, Liu S, Yuan X, Yin L, Yan L, et al. Effect of inhaled MgSO4 on FEV1 and PEF in children with asthma induced by acetylcholine: a randomized controlled clinical trail of 330 cases. J Trop Pediatr 2014:141–7.
27
Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients 2015:8199–226.
28
Magnesium W. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2003:92–6.
29
Dubé L, Granry J. The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review. Can J Anaesth 2003:732–46.
30
Trendelenburg F. Physiologische and Pharmakologische untersuchungen an der Isolierten Bronchialmuskulatur. Arch Exp Pharmacol Ther 1912:79–107.
31
Bichara D, Goldman M, R. Magnesium for treatment of asthma in children. Can Fam Physician 2009:887–9.
32
Gupta K, Vohra V, Sood J. The role of magnesium as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2006:1058–63.
33
Egelund T, Wassil S, Edwards E, Linden S, Irazuzta J. High-dose magnesium sulfate infusion protocol for status asthmaticus: a safety and pharmacokinetics cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2013:117–22.
34
Albertson T, Sutter M, Chan A. The acute management of asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015:114–25.
35
Jiang Y, Dai A, Zhou Y, Peng G, Hu G, Li B, et al. Nicotine elevated intracellular Ca2+ in rat airway smooth muscle cells via activating and upregulating α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014:389–401.
36
Montaño L, Carbajal V, Vargas M, García-Hernández L, Díaz-Hernández V, Checa M, et al. carbachol, and serotonin induce hyperresponsiveness to ATP in guinea pig tracheas: involvement of COX-2 pathway. Pflugers Arch 2013:1171–9.
37
De Proost I, Brouns I, Pintelon I, Timmermans J, Adriaensen D. Pulmonary expression of voltage-gated calcium channels: special reference to sensory airway receptors. Histochem Cell Biol 2007:301–16.
38
Sutovska M, Franova S, Sutovsky J. The influence of animal species on the relationship between ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels and defense reflexes of the airways. Bratisl Lek Listy 2009:269–75.
39
Kumasaka D, Lindeman K, Clancy J, Lande B, Croxton T, Hirshman C. MgSO4 relaxes porcine airway smooth muscle by reducing Ca2+ entry. Am J Physiol 1996:469–74.
40
Gourgoulianis K, Chatziparasidis G, Chatziefthimiou A, Molyvdas P. Magnesium as a relaxing factor of airway smooth muscles. J Aerosol Med 2001:301–7.
41
Fujiwara T, Itoh T, Kuriyama H. Regional differences in the mechanical properties of rabbit airway smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol 1988:389–96.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
