Aim Examination of the effectiveness of STR loci in proving sibship of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian village of Orahovica and the formation of a “grey zone“. Methods The probability of sibship was determined by calculating the likelihood ratio (LR) parameter for each of the 15 observed STR loci and for each of the pairs of relatives and non-relatives. Cumulative sibship index (CSI) was calculated for each of the pairs by multiplying the LR values of all 15 loci and obtained values are used as CSI limit for separating relatives from non-relatives. By creating a grey zone for local populations, an attempt was made to obtain a line of demarcation between siblings and non-siblings. Results An analysis of the origin of the respondents' relatives was performed, up to the level of sibship in the third generation. The results of the CSI for pairs of relatives from the village of Orahovica showed that the highest CSI value, and therefore the sibship probability was recorded among relatives from the village of Orahovica (CSI=534211727.203;SP=99.999999812%). On the contrary, incredibly low CSI value was recorded among non-relatives, ranging from CSI=0.0000001 to 0.5261434 (SP=0.000009999% to 34.475357951%). Conclusion For the threshold value CSI=1 and for CSI=3, this method determined sibship in 100% of pairs of relatives and the absence of biological sibship in 100% of pairs of non-relatives in the village of Orahovica. The STR system is proved to be a successful method in determining sibship or absence of sibship in small local populations.
Hannan A. Tandem repeats mediating genetic plasticity in health and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2018;286–98.
2.
Fang L, Liu Q, Monteys A. Deep Repeat: direct quantification of short tandem repeats on signal data from nanopore sequencing. Genome Biol. 2022;108.
3.
Wyner N, Barash M, Mcnevin D. Forensic autosomal short tandem repeats and their potential association with phenotype. Front Genet. 2020;884.
4.
Roewer L. Y-chromosome short tandem repeats in forensics-sexing, profiling, and matching male DNA. WIREs Forensic Sci. 2019;1336.
5.
Fan H, Chu J. A brief review of short tandem repeat mutation. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2007;7–14.
6.
Calafell F. Short tandem repeat polymorphism evolution in humans. J Hum Genet. 1998;38–40.
7.
Mušanović J, Metović A, Šečić D, Pepić E, Loga-Zec S, Ramić N, et al. Genetic Polymorphism of 15 STR loci in the population of two Bosnian and Herzegovinian villages. EJBPS. 2022;37–41.
8.
Kakkar S, Sarma P, Panigrahi I, Mandal S, Shrivastava P, Kumawat R. Development of a new screening method for faster kinship analyses in mass disasters: a of a concept study. Sci Rep. 2022;20372.
9.
Inoue H, Manabe S, Fujii K, Iwashima Y, Miyama S, Tanaka A, et al. Sibling assessment based on likelihood ratio and total number of shared alleles using 21 short tandem repeat loci included in the GlobalFilerTM kit. Leg Med. 2016;122–6.
10.
Musanovic J, Filipovska-Musanovic M, Kovacevic L. Determination of combined sibship indices “gray zone” using 15 STR loci for central Bosnian human population. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;5195–200.
11.
Wikipedia, Orahovica, Zenica. 22AD;
12.
Mušanović J, Metović A, Pepić E, Imamović B, Džubur-Alić A, Filipovska-Mušanović M, et al. Division of alleles in the determination of kinship in small localpopulations. EJBPS. 2017;128–32.
13.
Kozlić S, Valentić O. Orahovica u vremenu i prostoru (Orahovica in time and space.
14.
Monografija sela od 1489.do danas. Zenica: UG Gajret. 2007;
15.
Miller S, Dykes D, Polesky H;, Ensenberger M, Thompson J, Hill B, et al. Developmental validation of the PowerPlex® 16 HS System: an improved 16-locus fluorescent STR multiplex. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 1988;257–64.
16.
Butler J. Technology and Genetics of STR markers. Biology. 2005;
17.
Marjanović D, Primorac D. Molekularna forenzična genetika (Molecular forensic genetics).
18.
Sarajevo. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju. 2009;
19.
Pu E, Linacre C, A. Systematic evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of sibship determination by using 15 STR loci. Forensic Leg Med. 2008;329–34.
20.
Tzeng C, Lyou J, Chen Y, Hu H, Lin J, Wang S, et al. Determination of sibship by PCR-amplified short tandem repeat analysis in Taiwan. Transfusion. 2000;840–5.
21.
Giroti I, Verma S, Singh K, Rohit M, Talwar I. A gray zone approach for evaluation of 15 short tandem repeat loci in sibship analysis: A pilot study in Indian subjects. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007;261–5.
22.
Marjanović D, Durmić-Pašić A, Bakal N, Haverić S, Kalamujić B, Kovačević L, et al. DNA identification of skeletal remains from World War II mass graves uncovered in Slovenia. Croat Med J. 2007;513.
23.
Marjanovic D, Kapur L, Drobnic K, Budowle B, Pojskic N, Hadziselimovic R. Comparative study of genetic variation at 15 STR loci in three isolated populations of the Bosnian mountain area. Hum Biol. 2004;15–31.
24.
Reid T, Wolf C, Kraemer C, Lee S, Baird M, Lee R. Specificity of sibship determination using the ABI identifiler multiplex system. J Forensic Sci. 2004;1–3.
25.
Mušanović J. Analiza učinkovitosti primjene kratkih repetitivnih sekvenci u utvrđivanju srodstva među potomcima jednog roditeljskog para (Efficiency analysis of short repetitive sequence usage in determining sibship among siblings). 2007;
26.
Coste J, Pouchot J. A grey zone for quantitative diagnostic and screening tests. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;304–13.
27.
Gaytmenn R, Hildebrand D, Sweet D, Pretty I. Determination of the sensitivity and specificity of sibship calculation using AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus. Int J Legal Med. 2002;161–4.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
