,
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal , Mölndal , Sweden
Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra , Gothenburg , Sweden
Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla , Tuzla , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla , Tuzla , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla , Tuzla , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla , Tuzla , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal , Mölndal , Sweden
Aim
To investigate existence of scientific support for linking differences in the experience of pain to ethnicity.
Methods
The study was designed as a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies. The inclusion criteria were scientific studies published in scientific journals and written in English. Studies that described children's experiences and animals were excluded. There were 10 studies, one qualitative and nine quantitative.
Results
The result was divided into two main sections. The first section presents the results of investigated material regarding different ethnic groups, the groups' different experiences with regard to pain and its treatment focusing entirely on the patients' perspective. Several studies have revealed major differences in the way individuals perceive their pain, using various pain evaluation tools. The second section explained different coping strategies depending on ethnicity and showed that different ethnic groups handle their pain in different ways.
Conclusion
Healthcare professionals have a duty to pay attention to and understand the patients' experience of their disease and suffering and, as far as possible, mitigate this using appropriate measures. For this purpose, ethnic, cultural and religious differences between different patients need to be understood. It is necessary to continue to study ethnic differences in reporting and predicting pain and its consequences, including the assessment of variables associated with pain, as well as examining the use of prayer as a form of dealing with pain, with an evaluation of various effects of such different influences.
This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 
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