,
Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Faculty of Medicine, Arab Medical Centre , Amman , Jordan
Faculty of Medicine, Ministry of Health , Amman , Jordan
Faculty of Medicine, Ministry of Health , Amman , Jordan
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid , Jordan
Aim
Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are minimally invasive procedures used in bone augmentation following vertebral fractures when conservative management has failed. Cement injection could leak into surrounding structures leading to post-operative sequelae, which could be symptomatic. This study compared the rate and site of cement extravasation in vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and a combined approach. The indications, aetiology, and factors influencing results and the effect of screws were considered.
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study of 171 patients was conducted between 2009 and 2021. Only 89 patients had available
imaging. The site of cement extravasation was evaluated postoperatively by CT-scan and X-ray.
Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of cement extravasation between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty procedures (p=0.004). Age and gender had no significant influence on the rate of cement extravasation. Patients who underwent kyphoplasty had the lowest rate of cement extravasation (46.9%) compared to vertebroplasty (85.2%) and the combined approach (69.2%). The most common site of leakage was in perivertebral veins (37.9%). The use of screws did not indicate a greater risk of cement leak (p=0.652). Bone metastases were the aetiology with the highest cement leakage rate (27.5%).
Conclusion
The use of kyphoplasty alone or in conjunction with vertebroplasty decreases the risk of cement extravasation and subsequent complications compared to vertebroplasty alone. The use of pedicle screws appears to be safe and was not found to increase the risk of cement extravasation.
This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 
2
Sacha Guitteny, Rana A. Ahmad, Abdullah Memon, Julie Mikhail, Michael J. Patetta, Steven M. Mardjetko, Farid Amirouche
(2026)
Finite element modeling and experimental validation of wedge fractures in the thoracic spine
Spine Deformity, ()
10.1007/s43390-026-01276-3
Abhishek Soni, S. Vidyadhara, T. Balamurugan, Madhava Pai Kanhangad
(2025)
Robotic-assisted kyphoplasty demonstrates superior efficacy, safety, and procedural efficiency compared to fluoroscopy-guided techniques: a retrospective analysis of 240 patients
Journal of Robotic Surgery, 19(1)
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