Aim To examine whether preoperative tumour size may serve as a biomarker for the occurrence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in centrally and peripherally located lung adenocarcinoma. Method The study included 261 patients surgically treated for diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma. A ROC curve was used to determine the biomarker potential of tumour size relative to the occurrence of LVI. Binary logistic regression was used to show changes of tumour size impact on the status of LVI. Result Tumour prevalence according to localization had no statistical significance (p=0.464), while the presence of LVI in central, as well as peripheral positions, was statistically significantly different (p<0.001). The area under the curve of 0.978 highlights the fact that tumour size is an excellent marker of the presence of LVI in centrally located adenocarcinomas of the lung. A similar finding was confirmed in peripherally located lung adenocarcinomas with an area below the curve of 0.943. Binary logistical regression showed that in centrally localized adenocarcinomas of the lung, each additional centimetre of tumour growth represents an increase in the likelihood of LVI+ by 17.14 times. In peripherally located adenocarcinomas of the lung, this increase in likelihood of LVI for each centimetre of growth was 5.46 times. Conclusion With a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, preoperative tumour size may serve as an important biomarker and positive predictor of the presence of LVI in lung adenocarcinoma of any location.
Grbic K, Mehic B. Characteristics of lymphovascular metastatic spread in lung adenocarcinoma according to the primary cancer location. Med Glas (Zenica) 2020:66–72.
2
Moulla Y, Gradistinac T, Wittekind C, Eichfeld U, Gockel I, Dietrich A. Predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer: a case control study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2019:11.
3
Hyun J, Hai X, Chang-Min C, Joon S, Hyeong R, Jung B, et al. Preoperative CT predicting recurrence of surgically resected adenocarcinoma of the lung. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;(2):2513.
4
Higgins K, Chino J, Ready N, ’amico D, Berry T, Sporn M, et al. Lymphovascular invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer: implications for staging and adjuvant therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2012:1141–7.
5
Igai H, Matsuura N, Tarumi S, Chang S, Misaki N, Go T, et al. Prognostic factors in patients after lobectomy for p-T1aN0M0 adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012:603–6.
6
Yang L, Wang S, Gerber D, Zhou Y, Xu F, Liu J, et al. Main bronchus location is a predictor for metastasis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma; a large cohort analysis. Lung Cancer 2018:22–6.
7
Sun W, Yang X, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Lin D. Primary tumor location is a useful predictor for lymph node metastasis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2017:49–55.
8
Moon J, Lee K, Y, Jae S, K. Differing histopathology and prognosis in pulmonary adenocarcinoma at central and peripheral locations. J Thorac Dis 2016:169–77.
9
Norifumi T, Takahiro M, Yoshihiro M, Shinsuke S, Tomoharu Y, Kei K, et al. Prognostic significance of vascular invasion in intermediate-grade subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016:1015–21.
10
Yang F, Chen K, Liao J, Li X, Sun K, Bao D, et al. Risk factors of recurrence for resected T1aN0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 177 patients. World J Surg Oncol 2014:285.
11
Funai K, Sugimura H, Morita T, Shundo Y, Shimizu K, Shiiya N. Lymphatic vessel invasion is a significant prognostic indicator in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2011:2968–72.
12
Travis W, Brambilla E, Nicholson A, Yatabe Y, Austin J, Beasley M, et al. The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of lung tumors impact of genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification. J Thorac Oncol 2015:1243–60.
13
Mollberg N, Bennette C, Howell E, Backhus L, Devine B, Ferguson M. Lymphovascular invasion as a prognostic indicator in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2014:965–71.
14
Chanyeong P, In J, Seung H, Jae. Factors affecting tumor recurrence after curative surgery for NSCLC: impacts of lymphovascular invasion on early tumor recurrence. J Thorac Dis 2014:1420–8.
15
Wang S, Zhang B, Qian J, Qiao R, Xu J, Zhang L, et al. Proposal on incorporating lymphovascular invasion as a T-descriptor for stage I lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018:245–52.
16
Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, Rami-Porta R, Asamura H, Nicholson E, et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (Eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016:39–51.
17
Riihimäki M, Thomsen H, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Clinical landscape of cancer metastases. Cancer Med 2018:5534–42.
18
Popper H. Progression and metastasis of lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016:75–9.
19
Lin Y, Shidan W, David G, Yaniun Z, Feng X, Yuiwei L, et al. Main bronchus location is a predictor for metastasis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma; A large cohort analysis. Lung Cancer 2018:22–6.
20
Cancer Facts & Figures 2018.
21
Russell P, Wainer Z, Wright G, Daniels M, Conron M, Williams R. Does Lung Adenocarcinoma subtype predict patient survival? J Thorac Oncol 2011:1496–504.
22
Ichikawa T, Aokage K, Sugano M, Miyoshi T, Kojima M, Fujii S, et al. The ratio of cancer cells to stroma within the invasive area is a histologic prognostic parameter of lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018:30–5.
23
Okiror L, Harling L, Toufektzian L, King J, Routledge T, Harrison-Phipps K, et al. Prognostic factors including lymphovascular invasion on survival for resected non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018:785–93.
24
Sung S, Kwak Y, Lee S, Jo I, Park J, Kim K, et al. Lymphovascular invasion increases the risk of nodal and distant recurrence in node-negative stage I-IIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 2018:156–62.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
